Diabetes & Metabolism Journal

Original Articles

Complications
Presence of Carotid Plaque Is Associated with Rapid Renal Function Decline in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Normal Renal Function: Da Hea Seo, So Hun Kim, Joon Ho Song, Seongbin Hong, Young Ju Suh, Seong Hee Ahn, Jeong-Taek Woo, Sei Hyun Baik, Yongsoo Park, Kwan Woo Lee, Young Seol Kim, Moonsuk Nam; Diabetes Metab J. 2019;43(6):840-853. Published online March 12, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2018.0186

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Background

Recent evidences indicate that early rapid renal function decline is closely associated with the development and progression of diabetic kidney disease. We have investigated the association between carotid atherosclerosis and rapid renal function decline in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and preserved renal function.

Methods

In a prospective, multicenter cohort, a total of 967 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and preserved renal function were followed for 6 years with serial estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) measurements. Common carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) and presence of carotid plaque were assessed at baseline. Rapid renal function decline was defined as an eGFR decline >3.3% per year.

Results

Over a median follow-up of 6 years, 158 participants (16.3%) developed rapid renal function decline. While there was no difference in CIMT, the presence of carotid plaque in rapid decliners was significantly higher than in non-decliners (23.2% vs. 12.2%, P<0.001). In multivariable logistic regression analysis, presence of carotid plaque was an independent predictor of rapid renal function decline (odds ratio, 2.33; 95% confidence interval, 1.48 to 3.68; P<0.0001) after adjustment for established risk factors. The model including the carotid plaque had better performance for discrimination of rapid renal function decline than the model without carotid plaque (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve 0.772 vs. 0.744, P=0.016).

Conclusion

Close monitoring of renal function and early intensive management may be beneficial in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and carotid plaques.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Impact of diabetes distress on glycemic control and diabetic complications in type 2 diabetes mellitus
Hye-Sun Park, Yongin Cho, Da Hea Seo, Seong Hee Ahn, Seongbin Hong, Young Ju Suh, Suk Chon, Jeong-Taek Woo, Sei Hyun Baik, Kwan Woo Lee, So Hun Kim
Scientific Reports.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Correlation analysis of carotid plaque in young patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio and neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio
Huijun Wen, Hai Yu
Vascular.2023; 31(1): 90. CrossRef
Diabetic vascular diseases: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic strategies
Yiwen Li, Yanfei Liu, Shiwei Liu, Mengqi Gao, Wenting Wang, Keji Chen, Luqi Huang, Yue Liu
Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Carotid intima-media thickness and atherosclerotic plaques are associated with renal function decline: a 14-year longitudinal population-based study
Miriam Goepfert, Till Ittermann, Marcus Dörr, Nele Friedrich, Henry Völzke, Thomas Dabers, Stephan B Felix, Ulf Schminke, Sylvia Stracke, Sabrina von Rheinbaben
Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation.2023; 38(11): 2598. CrossRef
Blood pressure and vascular determinants of glomerular filtration rate decline in diabetic kidney disease
Luca Truscello, Dina Nobre, Vehashini Sabaratnam, Olivier Bonny, Grégoire Wuerzner, Michel Burnier, Fadi Fakhouri, Menno Pruijm, Anne Zanchi
Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Explainable Artificial Intelligence Paves the Way in Precision Diagnostics and Biomarker Discovery for the Subclass of Diabetic Retinopathy in Type 2 Diabetics
Fatma Hilal Yagin, Seyma Yasar, Yasin Gormez, Burak Yagin, Abdulvahap Pinar, Abedalrhman Alkhateeb, Luca Paolo Ardigò
Metabolites.2023; 13(12): 1204. CrossRef
Evaluation of Subclinical Vascular Disease in Diabetic Kidney Disease: A Tool for Personalization of Management of a High-Risk Population
Christodoula Kourtidou, Vasileios Rafailidis, Garyfallia Varouktsi, Efthimios Kanakis, Vassilios Liakopoulos, Timoleon-Achilleas Vyzantiadis, Maria Stangou, Smaragdi Marinaki, Konstantinos Tziomalos
Journal of Personalized Medicine.2022; 12(7): 1139. CrossRef
Prevalence and Predictors of Renal Disease in a National Representative Sample of the Romanian Adult Population: Data from the SEPHAR IV Survey
Călin Pop, Oana Florentina Gheorghe Fronea, Ioana Antonia Branea, Lucian Mihai Itu, Roxana Darabont, Irinel Parepa, Theodora Benedek, Maria Dorobantu
Diagnostics.2022; 12(12): 3199. CrossRef
Clinical features of and risk factors for normoalbuminuric diabetic kidney disease in hospitalized patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a retrospective cross-sectional study
Qi Dai, Nan Chen, Ling Zeng, Xin-Jie Lin, Feng-Xiu Jiang, Xiong-Jie Zhuang, Ze-Yuan Lu
BMC Endocrine Disorders.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
The Predictive Value of Carotid Ultrasonography With Cardiovascular Risk Factors—A “SPIDER” Promoting Atherosclerosis
Hongwei Li, Xiaolin Xu, Baoming Luo, Yuling Zhang
Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Update on pathogenesis and diagnosis flow of normoalbuminuric diabetes with renal insufficiency
Le Deng, Wenjie Li, Gaosi Xu
European Journal of Medical Research.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Association of serum fibroblast growth factor 21 with kidney function in a population-based Chinese cohort
Rui Zhang, Yufeng Li, Xianghai Zhou, Fang Zhang, Meng Li, Simin Zhang, Xiuying Zhang, Xin Wen, Linong Ji
Medicine.2021; 100(50): e28238. CrossRef
Letter: Presence of Carotid Plaque Is Associated with Rapid Renal Function Decline in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Normal Renal Function (Diabetes Metab J 2019;43:840–53)
Min-Ji Kim, Jae-Han Jeon
Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2020; 44(1): 201. CrossRef
Response: Presence of Carotid Plaque Is Associated with Rapid Renal Function Decline in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Normal Renal Function (Diabetes Metab J 2019;43:840–53)
Da Hea Seo, So Hun Kim, Moonsuk Nam
Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2020; 44(1): 205. CrossRef
Serum Levels of Adipocyte Fatty Acid-Binding Protein Are Associated with Rapid Renal Function Decline in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Preserved Renal Function
Da Hea Seo, Moonsuk Nam, Mihye Jung, Young Ju Suh, Seong Hee Ahn, Seongbin Hong, So Hun Kim
Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2020; 44(6): 875. CrossRef
Proteinuria Is Associated with Carotid Artery Atherosclerosis in Non-Albuminuric Type 2 Diabetes: A Cross-Sectional Study
Jaehyun Bae, Yong-ho Lee, Eun Seok Kang, Bong-Soo Cha, Byung-Wan Lee
Journal of Clinical Medicine.2020; 9(1): 136. CrossRef

Clinical Care/Education
Impact of Socioeconomic Status on Health Behaviors, Metabolic Control, and Chronic Complications in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: So Hun Kim, Seung Youn Lee, Chei Won Kim, Young Ju Suh, Seongbin Hong, Seong Hee Ahn, Da Hae Seo, Moon-Suk Nam, Suk Chon, Jeong-Taek Woo, Sei Hyun Baik, Yongsoo Park, Kwan Woo Lee, Young Seol Kim; Diabetes Metab J. 2018;42(5):380-393. Published online June 29, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2017.0102

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Background

The aim of the study was to assess the impact of socioeconomic status (SES) on health behaviors, metabolic control, and chronic complications in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) from South Korea, a country with universal health insurance coverage and that has experienced rapid economic and social transition.

Methods

A total of 3,294 Korean men and women with T2DM aged 30 to 65 years, participating in the Korean National Diabetes Program (KNDP) cohort who reported their SES and had baseline clinical evaluation were included in the current cross-sectional analysis. SES included the level of education and monthly household income.

Results

Lower education level and lower income level were closely related, and both were associated with older age in men and women. Women and men with lower income and education level had higher carbohydrate and lower fat intake. After adjustment for possible confounding factors, higher education in men significantly lowered the odds of having uncontrolled hyperglycemia (glycosylated hemoglobin ≥7.5%) (odds ratio [OR], 0.63; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.43 to 0.91 for highest education; P_trend=0.048), while higher household income in men significantly lowered the odds of having diabetic retinopathy (OR, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.37 to 0.95 for highest income level; P_trend=0.048). In women, lower income was associated with a higher stress level.

Conclusion

Men with lower SES had higher odds of having diabetic retinopathy and uncontrolled hyperglycemia, showing the need to improve care targeted to this population.

Citations

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A Scoping Review of Possible Solutions for Decreasing Socioeconomic Inequalities in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Laleh Gharacheh, Mostafa Amini-Rarani, Amin Torabipour, Saeed Karimi
International Journal of Preventive Medicine.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Socioeconomic status and the effect of prolonged pandemic confinement on anthropometric and glycaemic outcomes in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Chandana Wijeweera, Ummul Muhfaza, Reginald V. Lord, Peter Petocz, Juliana Chen, Veronica Preda
Primary Care Diabetes.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Income variability and incident cardiovascular disease in diabetes: a population-based cohort study
Yong-Moon Mark Park, Jong-Ha Baek, Hong Seok Lee, Tali Elfassy, Clare C Brown, Mario Schootman, Marie-Rachelle Narcisse, Seung-Hyun Ko, Pearl A McElfish, Michael R Thomsen, Benjamin C Amick, Seong-Su Lee, Kyungdo Han
European Heart Journal.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Association of diet quality with glycemia, insulinemia, and insulin resistance in families at high risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus in Europe: Feel4 Diabetes Study
Botsi E, Karatzi K, Mavrogianni C, Kaloyan Tsochev, Esther M González-Gil, Radó S, Kivelä J, Wikström K, Cardon G, Rurik I, Liatis S, Tsvetalina Tankova, Violeta Iotova, Luis A. Moreno, Makrillakis K, Manios Y, Tsigos C
Nutrition.2023; 105: 111805. CrossRef
Sustained Low Income, Income Changes, and Risk of All-Cause Mortality in Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study
Hong Seok Lee, Jimin Clara Park, Inkwan Chung, Junxiu Liu, Seong-Su Lee, Kyungdo Han
Diabetes Care.2023; 46(1): 92. CrossRef
Association of birth weight with risk of diabetes mellitus in adolescence and early adulthood: analysis of the Indonesian Family Life Survey
Ratu Ayu Dewi Sartika, Fathimah Sulistyowati Sigit, Edy Purwanto, Norliyana Aris, Avliya Quratul Marjan, Wahyu Kurnia Yusrin Putra, Sutanto Priyo Hastono
Annals of Pediatric Endocrinology & Metabolism.2023; 28(4): 267. CrossRef
Effects of Diabetes Quality Assessment on Diabetes Management Behaviors Based on a Nationwide Survey
Chang Kyun Choi, Jungho Yang, Ji-An Jeong, Min-Ho Shin
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2022; 19(23): 15781. CrossRef
FOLLOW-UP ADHERENCE IN PATIENTS WITH NONPROLIFERATIVE DIABETIC RETINOPATHY PRESENTING TO AN OPHTHALMIC EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT
Arjun Watane, Meghana Kalavar, Elizabeth A. Vanner, Kara Cavuoto, Jayanth Sridhar
Retina.2021; 41(6): 1293. CrossRef
Socioeconomic disparity in global vision loss burden due to diabetic retinopathy: an analysis on time trends from 1990 to 2017
Yi Shan, Yufeng Xu, Lingxia Ye, Xiling Lin, Yaoyao Chen, Qi Miao, Juan Ye
Endocrine.2021; 73(2): 316. CrossRef
Tip 2 Diyabetli Bireylerin Hastalık Yönetiminde Karşılaştıkları Engellerin Değerlendirilmesi
Şuheda ÜSTÜNDAĞ, Nuray DAYAPOĞLU
Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi.2021; 5(3): 514. CrossRef
Socioeconomic inequalities in type 2 diabetes in employed individuals, nonworking spouses and pensioners
Batoul Safieddine, Stefanie Sperlich, Johannes Beller, Karin Lange, Jelena Epping, Juliane Tetzlaff, Fabian Tetzlaff, Siegfried Geyer
SSM - Population Health.2020; 11: 100596. CrossRef
Thirteen-year trends in the prevalence of diabetes according to socioeconomic condition and cardiovascular risk factors in a Swiss population
Carlos de Mestral, Silvia Stringhini, Idris Guessous, François R Jornayvaz
BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care.2020; 8(1): e001273. CrossRef
Dietary Habits and Dietary Antioxidant Intake Are Related to Socioeconomic Status in Polish Adults: A Nationwide Study
Małgorzata Elżbieta Zujko, Anna Waśkiewicz, Wojciech Drygas, Alicja Cicha-Mikołajczyk, Kinga Zujko, Danuta Szcześniewska, Krystyna Kozakiewicz, Anna Maria Witkowska
Nutrients.2020; 12(2): 518. CrossRef
Diabetes Fact Sheets in Korea, 2018: An Appraisal of Current Status
Bo-Yeon Kim, Jong Chul Won, Jae Hyuk Lee, Hun-Sung Kim, Jung Hwan Park, Kyoung Hwa Ha, Kyu Chang Won, Dae Jung Kim, Kyong Soo Park
Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2019; 43(4): 487. CrossRef
Gender in Endocrine Diseases: Role of Sex Gonadal Hormones
R. Lauretta, M. Sansone, A. Sansone, F. Romanelli, M. Appetecchia
International Journal of Endocrinology.2018; 2018: 1. CrossRef

Clinical Diabetes & Therapeutics
Effects of Lobeglitazone, a Novel Thiazolidinedione, on Bone Mineral Density in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus over 52 Weeks: Soo Lim, Kyoung Min Kim, Sin Gon Kim, Doo Man Kim, Jeong-Taek Woo, Choon Hee Chung, Kyung Soo Ko, Jeong Hyun Park, Yongsoo Park, Sang Jin Kim, Hak Chul Jang, Dong Seop Choi; Diabetes Metab J. 2017;41(5):377-385. Published online October 24, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2017.41.5.377

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Background

The aim of this multicenter, randomized, double-blind study was to examine the effect of lobeglitazone, a novel thiazolidinedione, on the changes in bone mineral density (BMD) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Methods

A 24-week, double-blinded phase was followed by a 28-week, open-label phase, in which the placebo group also started to receive lobeglitazone. A total of 170 patients aged 34 to 76 years were randomly assigned in a 2:1 ratio to receive lobeglitazone 0.5 mg or a matching placebo orally, once daily. BMD was assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry at week 24 and at the end of the study (week 52).

Results

During the double-blinded phase, the femur neck BMD showed decreasing patterns in both groups, without statistical significance (−0.85%±0.36% and −0.78%±0.46% in the lobeglitazone and placebo groups, respectively). The treatment difference between the groups was 0.07%, which was also not statistically significant. Further, minimal, nonsignificant decreases were observed in both groups in the total hip BMD compared to values at baseline, and these differences also did not significantly differ between the groups. During the open-label phase, the BMD was further decreased, but not significantly, by −0.32% at the femur neck and by −0.60% at the total hip in the lobeglitazone group, and these changes did not significantly differ compared with the original placebo group switched to lobeglitazone.

Conclusion

Our results indicate that treatment with lobeglitazone 0.5 mg over 52 weeks showed no detrimental effect on the BMD compared to the placebo.

Citations

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Efficacy and safety of novel thiazolidinedione lobeglitazone for managing type-2 diabetes a meta-analysis
Deep Dutta, Saptarshi Bhattacharya, Manoj Kumar, Priyankar K. Datta, Ritin Mohindra, Meha Sharma
Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews.2023; 17(1): 102697. CrossRef
Efficacy and safety of lobeglitazone, a new Thiazolidinedione, as compared to the standard of care in type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Shashank R. Joshi, Saibal Das, Suja Xaviar, Shambo Samrat Samajdar, Indranil Saha, Sougata Sarkar, Shatavisa Mukherjee, Santanu Kumar Tripathi, Jyotirmoy Pal, Nandini Chatterjee
Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews.2023; 17(1): 102703. CrossRef
The benefits of adipocyte metabolism in bone health and regeneration
Lisa-Marie Burkhardt, Christian H. Bucher, Julia Löffler, Charlotte Rinne, Georg N. Duda, Sven Geissler, Tim J. Schulz, Katharina Schmidt-Bleek
Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Will lobeglitazone rival pioglitazone? A systematic review and critical appraisal
Kalyan Kumar Gangopadhyay, Awadhesh Kumar Singh
Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews.2023; 17(4): 102747. CrossRef
Comparison of therapeutic efficacy and safety of sitagliptin, dapagliflozin, or lobeglitazone adjunct therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus inadequately controlled on sulfonylurea and metformin: Third agent study
Jun Hwa Hong, Jun Sung Moon, Kayeon Seong, Soo Lim
Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice.2023; 203: 110872. CrossRef
Bone Mineral Density Evaluation Among Type 2 Diabetic Patients in Rural Haryana, India: An Analytical Cross-Sectional Study
Nitish Khandelwal, Surbhi Rajauria, Siddhesh Pandurang Kanjalkar, Omkar Shivaji Chavanke, Sanjay Rai
Cureus.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Lobeglitazone and Its Therapeutic Benefits: A Review
Balamurugan M, Sarumathy S, Robinson R
Cureus.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
A double‐blind, Randomized controlled trial on glucose‐lowering EFfects and safety of adding 0.25 or 0.5 mg lobeglitazone in type 2 diabetes patients with INadequate control on metformin and dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitor therapy: REFIND study
Soree Ryang, Sang Soo Kim, Ji Cheol Bae, Ji Min Han, Su Kyoung Kwon, Young Il Kim, Il Seong Nam‐Goong, Eun Sook Kim, Mi‐kyung Kim, Chang Won Lee, Soyeon Yoo, Gwanpyo Koh, Min Jeong Kwon, Jeong Hyun Park, In Joo Kim
Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism.2022; 24(9): 1800. CrossRef
A Real-World Study of Long-Term Safety and Efficacy of Lobeglitazone in Korean Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Bo-Yeon Kim, Hyuk-Sang Kwon, Suk Kyeong Kim, Jung-Hyun Noh, Cheol-Young Park, Hyeong-Kyu Park, Kee-Ho Song, Jong Chul Won, Jae Myung Yu, Mi Young Lee, Jae Hyuk Lee, Soo Lim, Sung Wan Chun, In-Kyung Jeong, Choon Hee Chung, Seung Jin Han, Hee-Seok Kim, Ju-Y
Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2022; 46(6): 855. CrossRef
Comparative Efficacy of Lobeglitazone Versus Pioglitazone on Albuminuria in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Kyung-Soo Kim, Sangmo Hong, Hong-Yup Ahn, Cheol-Young Park
Diabetes Therapy.2021; 12(1): 171. CrossRef
Lobeglitazone: A Novel Thiazolidinedione for the Management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Jaehyun Bae, Taegyun Park, Hyeyoung Kim, Minyoung Lee, Bong-Soo Cha
Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2021; 45(3): 326. CrossRef
Effect of lobeglitazone on motor function in rat model of Parkinson’s disease with diabetes co-morbidity
Kambiz Hassanzadeh, Arman Rahimmi, Mohammad Raman Moloudi, Rita Maccarone, Massimo Corbo, Esmael Izadpanah, Marco Feligioni
Brain Research Bulletin.2021; 173: 184. CrossRef
Recent Perspective on Thiazolidinedione
Won Jun Kim
The Journal of Korean Diabetes.2021; 22(2): 97. CrossRef
Use of in vitro bone models to screen for altered bone metabolism, osteopathies, and fracture healing: challenges of complex models
Sabrina Ehnert, Helen Rinderknecht, Romina H. Aspera-Werz, Victor Häussling, Andreas K. Nussler
Archives of Toxicology.2020; 94(12): 3937. CrossRef
Update on: effects of anti-diabetic drugs on bone metabolism
Guillaume Mabilleau, Béatrice Bouvard
Expert Review of Endocrinology & Metabolism.2020; 15(6): 415. CrossRef
The use of metformin, insulin, sulphonylureas, and thiazolidinediones and the risk of fracture: Systematic review and meta‐analysis of observational studies
Khemayanto Hidayat, Xuan Du, Meng‐Jiao Wu, Bi‐Min Shi
Obesity Reviews.2019; 20(10): 1494. CrossRef
Diabetes pharmacotherapy and effects on the musculoskeletal system
Evangelia Kalaitzoglou, John L. Fowlkes, Iuliana Popescu, Kathryn M. Thrailkill
Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews.2019;[Epub] CrossRef
Morin Exerts Anti‐Arthritic Effects by Attenuating Synovial Angiogenesis via Activation of Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor‐γ
Mengfan Yue, Ni Zeng, Yufeng Xia, Zhifeng Wei, Yue Dai
Molecular Nutrition & Food Research.2018;[Epub] CrossRef
The effects of diabetes therapy on bone: A clinical perspective
Karim G. Kheniser, Carmen M. Polanco Santos, Sangeeta R. Kashyap
Journal of Diabetes and its Complications.2018; 32(7): 713. CrossRef
Changes in the Bone Mineral Density of Femur Neck and Total Hip Over a 52-Week Treatment with Lobeglitazone
Da Young Lee, Ji A Seo
Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2017; 41(5): 374. CrossRef

Plasma Glucose Regulation and Mortality in Korea: A Pooled Analysis of Three Community-Based Cohort Studies: Nan Hee Kim, Dong-Jun Kim, Seok Won Park, Jee-Young Oh, Joong-Yeol Park, Chol Shin, Hong Kyu Lee, Yongsoo Park; Diabetes Metab J. 2014;38(1):44-50. Published online February 19, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2014.38.1.44

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Background

Although diabetes is a well-known risk factor for death, its impact on cancer death is not clearly understood. Furthermore, it remains controversial whether impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and/or impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) are associated with increased risk of mortality. We investigated the impact of diabetes or glucose tolerance categories on all cause and cause-specific mortality.

Methods

Mortality analysis was conducted in three population-based cohort studies of 3,801 participants, divided according to fasting plasma glucose (FPG) (normal; stage 1 IFG [5.6≤FPG<6.1 mmol/L]; stage 2 IFG [6.1≤FPG<7.0 mmol/L]; diabetes mellitus [DM]-FPG); or 2-hour glucose after 75 g glucose loading (2hPG) (normal; IGT; DM-2hPG), or a combination of FPG and 2hPG criteria.

Results

During a median follow-up of 11.0 years, 474 subjects died from all causes. Hazard ratios (HRs) for all cause death were higher in those with diabetes as defined by either FPG or 2hPG criteria than their normal counterparts (HR, 2.2, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.6 to 2.9 for DM-FPG; HR, 2.0, 95% CI, 1.5 to 2.7 for DM-2hPG). Similarly, diabetes defined by either FPG or 2hPG was associated with cancer death (HR, 2.9, 95% CI, 1.7 to 5.0; and HR, 2.1, 95% CI, 1.2 to 3.9, respectively). Although neither IFG nor IGT conferred higher risk for death, when combining stage 2 IFG and/or IGT, the risk of all cause death was higher than in subjects with normal glucose regulation (HR, 1.3; 95% CI, 1.0 to 1.6).

Conclusion

Diabetes is associated with higher risk of death from all causes and cancer. In subjects without diabetes, stage 2 IFG and/or IGT confers increased risk for mortality.

Citations

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Abnormal Fasting Glucose Increases Risk of Unrecognized Myocardial Infarctions in an Elderly Cohort
Richard Brandon Stacey, Janice Zgibor, Paul E. Leaverton, Douglas D. Schocken, Jennifer A. Peregoy, Mary F. Lyles, Alain G. Bertoni, Gregory L. Burke
Journal of the American Geriatrics Society.2019; 67(1): 43. CrossRef
Increased Vascular Disease Mortality Risk in Prediabetic Korean Adults Is Mainly Attributable to Ischemic Stroke
Nam Hoon Kim, Tae Yeon Kwon, Sungwook Yu, Nan Hee Kim, Kyung Mook Choi, Sei Hyun Baik, Yousung Park, Sin Gon Kim
Stroke.2017; 48(4): 840. CrossRef
β-Cell Function and Insulin Sensitivity in Normal Glucose-Tolerant Subjects Stratified by 1-Hour Plasma Glucose Values
Miranda M. Priya, Anandakumar Amutha, T.A. Pramodkumar, Harish Ranjani, Saravanan Jebarani, Kuppan Gokulakrishnan, Rajendra Pradeepa, Ranjit Unnikrishnan, Ranjit Mohan Anjana, Viswanathan Mohan
Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics.2016; 18(1): 29. CrossRef
Effect of Socio-Economic Status on the Prevalence of Diabetes
Yu Jeong Kim, Ja Young Jeon, Seung Jin Han, Hae Jin Kim, Kwan Woo Lee, Dae Jung Kim
Yonsei Medical Journal.2015; 56(3): 641. CrossRef
The Population-Based Risk of Need for Coronary Revascularization According to the Presence of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and History of Coronary Heart Disease in the Korean Population
Chang Hee Jung, Gi Hyeon Seo, Sunghwan Suh, Ji Cheol Bae, Mee Kyoung Kim, You-Cheol Hwang, Jae Hyeon Kim, Byung-Wan Lee, Xian Wu Cheng
PLOS ONE.2015; 10(6): e0128627. CrossRef

Response

Response: Efficacy and Safety of Biphasic Insulin Aspart 30/70 in Type 2 Diabetes Suboptimally Controlled on Oral Antidiabetic Therapy in Korea: A Multicenter, Open-Label, Single-Arm Study (Diabetes Metab J 2013;37:117-24): Kee-Ho Song, Jung Min Kim, Jung-Hyun Noh, Yongsoo Park, Hyun-Shik Son, Kyong Wan Min, Kyung Soo Ko; Diabetes Metab J. 2013;37(3):214-215. Published online June 14, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2013.37.3.214

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Original Article

Efficacy and Safety of Biphasic Insulin Aspart 30/70 in Type 2 Diabetes Suboptimally Controlled on Oral Antidiabetic Therapy in Korea: A Multicenter, Open-Label, Single-Arm Study: Kee-Ho Song, Jung Min Kim, Jung-Hyun Noh, Yongsoo Park, Hyun-Shik Son, Kyong Wan Min, Kyung Soo Ko; Diabetes Metab J. 2013;37(2):117-124. Published online April 16, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2013.37.2.117

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Background

The purpose of this study was to evaluate change in glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), side effects, and quality of life (QOL) after a 16-week treatment period with Biphasic insulin aspart 30/70 (BIasp30) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) who had been suboptimally controlled with oral antidiabetic drugs (OADs).

Methods

The study consisted of a 4-week titration period when concurrent OAD(s) were replaced with BIasp30 and followed by a 12-week maintenance period. All patients completed the Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire at the beginning and the end of the trial. Hypoglycemic episodes were recorded by the patient throughout the trial.

Results

Sixty patients were included, of whom 55 patients (92%) completed the full 16-week treatment period. Seven-point blood glucose was significantly improved as compared with the baseline, except for the postlunch blood glucose level. HbA1c at the end of period was significantly improved from 9.2% to 8.2% (P<0.001). Eleven percent (n=6) of patients achieved HbA1c values ≤6.5% and 22% (n=12) of patients achieved <7.0%. There were 3.4 episodes/patients-year of minor hypoglycemia and 0.05 episodes/patients-year of major hypoglycemia. QOL showed significant changes only in the acceptability of high blood glucose category (P=0.003).

Conclusion

Treatment with once or twice daily BIasp30 may be an option for the patients with T2DM suboptimally controlled with OADs in Korea. However, considering the low number of patients achieving the HbA1c target and the high postlunch blood glucose levels, additional management with another modality may be required for optimal control.

Citations

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15 Years of Experience with Biphasic Insulin Aspart 30 in Type 2 Diabetes
Andreas Liebl, Viswanathan Mohan, Wenying Yang, Krzysztof Strojek, Sultan Linjawi
Drugs in R&D.2018; 18(1): 27. CrossRef
Basal‐prandial versus premixed insulin in patients with type 2 diabetes requiring insulin intensification after basal insulin optimization: A 24‐week randomized non‐inferiority trial
Sang‐Man Jin, Jae Hyeon Kim, Kyung Wan Min, Ji Hyun Lee, Kue Jeong Ahn, Jeong Hyun Park, Hak Chul Jang, Seok Won Park, Kwan Woo Lee, Kyu Chang Won, Young‐Il Kim, Choon Hee Chung, Tae Sun Park, Jee‐Hyun Lee, Moon‐Kyu Lee
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